Regional Stability and Pakistan

South Asia is a region of diverse peoples, assorted cultures, but multiple conflicts. We have an example of Europe before us that how it transformed itself from a warring region to a unified region of vast potential. We gaze at Europe having single visa, one currency (euro), stronger than dollar, and one parliament to reflect on the decisions taken by individual parliaments. It is painful for South Asia which is nowhere near normalization, much less cohesion. It is wracked by internal conflicts and outer dangers. The two main countries, India and Pakistan, are not even on speaking terms. Kashmir is the major bone of contention between them. Regional stability is hostage to this decades-old territorial feud. Trade and economic ties are well nigh absent between them. Thus, mindsets rooted in the past have overcome modern realities of contemporary, globalized era.

The article "Regional Stability and Pakistan" was written by Hammad Raza. To get full text please download from below.

Thesis on Viral Video Marketing

The following master thesis is all about Video Marketing; the concept, the impression on overall marketing, the effectiveness and other important aspects have been clarified in this thesis. This study report is well written and effectively elucidate different marketing concepts which are internally intermingled and have firm execution on each others.

The technological paradigm shift has enabled new forms of communication. Consequently, this offers valuable possibilities for marketers in terms of reach, speed and cost-efficiency. Due to similarities with the spread of a virus, the phenomenon of self-replicating content on the web via social networks and word-of-mouth is commonly referred to as viral marketing. Even though this phenomenon is becoming more frequently used by companies to increase brand awareness and improve brand attitude, there is little academic research on the subject.

The objective of this study is to identify factors that affect consumer attitude and behaviour, following the exposure to a viral video, as well as studying how these features interact. In contradiction to previous research on adjacent areas of study, the result indicates that contextual factors do not influence neither the attitude towards the message nor the intention to share it with others. Instead, content has proven to be the single most important feature to improve attitudes and consequently viral circulation. Conclusively, a communication effects model for viral video marketing is presented, illustrating the flows of consumer attitude and behaviour in a digital context.

Feudalism and Social Structure of Pakistan | Essay for CSS

The following essay briefly explains the current democratic and political condition of Pakistan. A CSS/PMS candidate can employ this text for current affairs, sociology and for essay preparation. 

Feudalism and Social Structure of Pakistan

The democratic system in Pakistan is constrained by a multitude of forces. Many analysts opine that feudalism is the major cause which undermines democracy and hinders social equality. Their view is generally shaped by the issue of land reforms in Pakistan raised by many political parties out of populism. They tend to ignore the fact that feudalism as a dominant economic force has fizzled out. It has now assumed value of power in our society. It is used interchangeably by the culture it bred over centuries which persists now. Feudalism is often employed as an umbrella term to describe power structure within a rural society. It also describes the pattern of authority in rural set-up—the relationship between the ruler and the ruled. In urban centers its use is confined to merely a metaphor for lack of convenient term to consumerist, power-hungry and elitist mindset.

The essay is written by Hammad Raza. To get full text of this essay, please download this from below.

Essay on Democracy in Pakistan | Essay on Current Affairs

The democratic project in Pakistan has always remained under assault. Popular expression about democratic governments is largely negative. The people of Pakistan forget that the relevance of democracy is directly linked to the socio-economic conditions of a given state. Urbanized middle classes wonder that how a poor and illiterate population can make sensible decisions in the electoral process. They ask: where is theirs representation. They did not understand that their representation lies in the institutional mechanisms of the state functioning. The political class, on the other side, is a transitional class suffering from myopia. It is mainly concerned with power and revolves around this agenda neglecting people’s sufferings.

This essay on the topic of "democracy in Pakistan" was written by Hammad Raza. To get full text, please download this essay.

Effective Study Plan For CSS and PMS

This is going to be a complete online blog for preparation of CSS and PMS as in this age of information explosion, a technologically deficit person lags behind in every orbit of activities. In similar fashion, those candidates who access internet on regular basis for the sake of seeking valuable material are bound to excel in their preparation.

Therefore we have designed our contents in systematic manner to save the energy and time of eager ones. Our scheme for preparation is succinct and lucid, which is:

•  Daily update of various subjects especially on compulsory subjects
•  Services available of current affairs specialists
•  Provision of analysis for every subject (focus on compulsory)
•  Subjects’ material available according to current trends of every compulsory subject
•  Paper preparation plan
•  Access to complete work on Islamiat and Pakistan Affairs
•  Availability of complete essays material and methods of extracting material from that material will be available in due time in point form
•  Complete everyday science material coupled with objective type obtained from a wide variety of sources will accessible.
•  For English composition paper, focus would be on correction, précis writing, comprehension, enhancement of writing skills and paragraph writing (with exercises)
•  Current Affairs headings with introductions, analyses, criticisms and conclusions will be available to give idea to students how to manage paper
•  Pakistan Affairs paper according to the current trend, which is partially based on history and mainly predicated on contemporary issues will be discussed in detail to develop the idea about the present shape of Pakistan
•  For optional subjects, notes and books will be available
•  In initial stage only selective subjects will be discussed in detail
•  Facility of getting your work checked and cross-checked will be rendered to every one
•  The whole scheme will be based on distant learning techniques

We are not going to make candidates as crammers of second grade or third grade material. The whole body of stuff will be collected from reputable national and international journals, best sellers books and our own well-prepared notes. Valuable work from other people will be highly cherished and treasured. Study on these lines will not only help you prepare for CSS and PMS, but also help you broaden your intellectual horizon. This will definitely reform your mental endowments to understand the world in multi-dimensional ways.

General Guideline for CSS, PMS Exams Preparation

We wish to create and provide a full-fledged preparatory scheme for competition exams (CSS,PMS) to students of every hue encompassing full compulsory course and a wide variety of optional subjects. The students will have to take proper perusal of this blog in order to fully equip themselves for CSS and PMS exams preparation. This blog will be beneficial in two ways: It will provide every sort of help, guideline and material related to these prestigious exams and it will also garner new ideas from regular visitors. It will certainly create a two way communicative platform for mentors and candidates.
Our recommended general guideline as follows:

· Prepare mentally
· Make your mindset for 10 to 12 hours study
· Develop reading habit
· Write regularly
· Create good writing style
· Study to-the-point
· Focus on English language
· Opt for marks-oriented subjects
· Do regular self assessment
· Prepare notes of every subject
· Consult DAWN and internet on daily basis
· Be rational not emotional
· Do not get puzzled and perplexed
· Digest whatever you read
· Make English dictionary your daily diet
· Be not scholastic
· Concentrate on optional subjects
· Buy not plethora of books
· Get ready for hard work
· Revise your course on daily basis as much as possible
· Prepare hand-outs for every subject
· Try to develop analytical and critical approach
· Be innovative in writing and organization
· Beget headings for every subject as much as you can
· Complete the body odd every question
Do remember that we are here to provide you every sort of help. This blog is backed by civil servants and experienced teachers, therefore, the material glued on it will be very relevant to preparation. This is not going to be a gup-shup spot, serious work will be done on it and every concerned candidate or teacher be welcomed with his/her valuable suggestion and contribution too.

CSS and PMS Preparation | Introduction to CSS and PMS

The trend towards CSS/Civil Services Examination has dramatically increased recently as civil services—federal and provincial—extends a vast array of career opportunities and broad social respect in the context of Pakistani state and society. The statistics of Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) exhibit that the number of candidates has astronomically increased in 2008 and 2009 exams with, unfortunately, not-so-satisfied result thanks to lack of proper guidance and unavailability of apt material. There is, also, a conspicuous absence of an online blog that can significantly contribute to the preparation of competition exams on a wider scale. Keeping in view these hindrances in the preparation of exams for fresh candidates, we felt an acute necessity to venture in online in order to provide an up-to-date and vital material to every aspirant candidate for Central Superior Services (CSS) and Provincial Management Services (PMS) examinations. This humble effort would be immensely beneficial to every candidate—fresh and not-so-fresh. I hope every visitor would be delighted to consult this blog. More...

AIMS

The major aims of our blog are as follow:

• To provide relevant material for exams. 
• To streamline preparation schedule of candidates. 
• To make candidates aware of their strength and potential. 
• To guide every aspirant in subject selection. 
• To provide everyone up-to-date information regarding compulsory papers. 
• To render everyone a broader outlook on politics, economics, history and current affairs. 
• To share news. 
• To upgrade the standard of English language. 
• To ameliorate writing skills and hone power of expression of willing students. 
• To provide prepared notes of various subjects in Toto. 
• To share highly prized e-books.

Brand Management At A Glance | Management Project

This is a fantastic writing on Brand Management. The project/thesis is a well formed and organized to understand Brand Management concepts. Project report consists of different famous brand of of various companies like, Tapal, Lipton, and Tetley etc. This project has abundant material and analysis data on different concepts of Brand Management like, positioning, segmentation and market analysis. One can learn Brand Management Concepts and can get valuable data of different famous brand for his/her own work, it is very useful project report.
Project was done by a group named "Executive Group" of Superior University of Pakistan.

LG Market Analysis of Consumer Durables | Marketing Project

India being the second largest growing economy with huge consumer class has resulted in consumer durables as the fastest growing industries in India. LG a Korean company has been maintaining good worth in the market and is a leader in almost all the categories.
This marketing project is basically about consumer durable analysis of LG products market. This project report has complete analysis by market segments and provides useful information about market share, market analysis, dealers and retailers role in sale volume and brand worth of LG.

This project was originally done by;

Abhiram Prasad Satapathy

Regd. No. 0706275046 of  Bhubaneswar Institute of Management & Information Technology

Reliance Industries Limited | A Complete Project Study of RIL India

Reliance Group comes in top industries in all over the India. This Reliance Group is founded by Dhirubhai H. Ambani which is the India's largest private sector enterprise, with business in Energy & Materials value chain. The annual revenue of Reliance group is excess of 44 Billion USD. Reliance Industries Limited is a Fortune Global 500 company and is the largest private sector company in India. Backward vertical integration has been the basis of the evolution and growth of Reliance. Starting with textiles in the late seventies, Reliance pursued a strategy of backward vertical integration - in polyester, fiber intermediates, plastics, petrochemicals, petroleum refining and oil and gas exploration and production - to be fully integrated along the materials and energy value chain.
Here we are going to share you a complete project study of Reliance Industries Limited which in the leading group of India. This assignment with help you in financial position of Reliance group,  Products and Brands of Reliance Group, Quality certificates, Market position, Management skills and SWOT Analysis. Lets have a sample view...




The RIL's operations are classified into 4 segments are:

1. Petroleum Refining and Marketing business
2. Petrochemicals business
3. Oil and Gas Exploration & Production business
4. Others

The Reliance has the largest refining capacity at any single location.
The Reliance is:

• Largest producer of Polyester Fiber and Yarn
• 4th largest producer of Paraxylene (PX)
• 5th largest producer of Polypropylene (PP)
• 7th largest producer of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) and Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG)

Product Flow Chart of RIL.

Financial Report of RIL India

Balance Sheet as on 31st March 2010

 Cash Flow of Reliance India

Turn Over of RIL

Profit After Tax

Earning Per Share

Book Value Per Share

Market Reutilization of Reliance Group of India

Net Worth of Reliance Industry

you can download complete project from here

CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | Structure of Capital

In this article a study is conducted through different developing countries to know that capital structure theory is portable across different countries with different institutional structures. To make the article meaningful we have taken a sample of 10 countries those have different economies and financial structures. Different tools such as Total debt ratio, long-term debt Ratio, Long-term market debt ratio, turnover ratio, Regression, Coefficient of Variation, Standard Deviation, Return on asset and asset tangibility. After that it was concluded that some of the insight from modern finance theory are portable across countries, much remains to be done to understand the impact of different institutional features on capital structure choice.

Introduction:

The mix of long-term debt and equity financing maintained by a firm is called Capita

Structure Different type of work has been done in the past on capital structure such as the Mayer’s Theory on Developing countries and the most recently the study on G-7 countries by   Rajan and Zingales(1995) to understand the capital structure of developing countries. In his article we have taken a sample of 10 developing countries namely India, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Turkey Zimbabwe, Mexico, Brazil, Jordan, and Korea. Five of these countries were under British control in the past. Two are of American block and three others. 

The main Focus of this article is to answer the three questions:

• Do financial leverage decisions differ significantly between developing and developed countries?
• Are the factors that affect cross- sectional variability in individual countries’ capital structures similar between developed and developing countries?  
• Are the predictions of conventional structure models improved by knowing the nationality of the company?

You can download this full article from here

Financial Statement Analysis of OGDCL

OGDCL (Oil and Gas Development Company Ltd) is the national oil & gas company of Pakistan and the flagship of the country’s E&P sector. OGDCL was created under an Ordinance dated 20th September 1961 with the prime responsibility to undertake an organized and systematic exploratory program and to plan and promote Pakistan's oil and gas prospects. Government of Pakistan holds 85.02% of shares in the company.
This Project Report is all about Financial Statement Analysis of OGDCL.
This report includes:

• Introduction to Company
• Business prospects
• Industry & Company Analysis
• Business Analysis
• Business Strategy
• Financial Ratios Analysis
• Trend Analysis
• Cross-Sectional Analysis
• Fore-casted Financial Statements
• Sustainable Growth Rate
• SGR under Steady Model
• SGR under varying Assumptions Fore-casted Statements

Predictive Link in Asset, Prices and Inflation

Change in asset and consumer prices have steady but vital impact on inflation. The relationship has been in the limelight again in the last decade. In many countries like Japan and UK, constant rise in asset prices brings inflation in the consumer market. It is very important to keep consumer prices in control to keep asset prices stagnant even in short period of time; at least for an economic period. It seems important, therefore, to ascertain whether asset prices influence consumer prices in general, for a broader spectrum of countries. This research article has very brief and beautiful explanation of the concept with an example. Author choose a sample including major industrial countries as well as emerging markets, and test for the significance of housing prices and share prices in predicting inflations.
Author: Batavia, Bala, Nandakumar, Parameswaran, Wague, Cheick
Source: Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode

 

Web Content Management System (WCMS) | Analysis Project Report

Web Content Management System (WCMS) is a relatively new concept, and while many people are still not familiar with it, it facilitates web content creation, editing, control and many essential web maintenance functions. For a user who has little or no knowledge of programming languages or markup languages, it is a way to create and manage content with relative ease. For organizations and companies, it helps release the workload of maintaining websites and intranets, and also by distributing the work. By using a WCMS, non-technical users only need to focus on their web content and not the appearance, since web templates can automatically be applied to new and existing web pages.
In this master thesis possible usability problems in the user interface and the work process of a Web Content Management System are identified and analyzed.
This project report will help to define a role in the system to fill the gap between single page editing and full administration possibilities.

Author: Ni, Xiaoyan
Source: Uppsala University Library